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One challenge, filed by a group financed by the ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ Chamber of Commerce and Industry, alleges that the legally required 100-word description given to initiative petition signers about the effects of the tax increase to generate nearly $1 billion a year for K-12 education fails to adequately describe how it works.

The challengers contend those who were asked to put the measure on the November ballot were never told it was an entirely new tax and would result in “a near-doubling� of the marginal taxes paid by many business owners.

If that claim sounds familiar, it should. The chamber used it successfully two years ago in its bid to keep a similar measure off the 2018 ballot.

The other challenge, from a group financed by the ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ Hospital and Healthcare Association, contends the initiative to pay hospital workers more is flawed because it never identified Service Employees International Union — United Healthcare Workers West as its sponsor and funding source.

Foes of this measure also claim the 100-word description on petitions is “highly misleading.�

Income tax measure

The author of the income tax plan, David Lujan, director of the ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ Center for Economic Progress, said the challenge by the chamber is “disappointing but not surprising.â€�

“The chamber has continually shown that they’re more interested in protecting well-paid CEOs rather than helping ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ schools,â€� he said.

The proposal would impose what the initiative calls a 3.5% “surcharge� on incomes above $250,000 for individuals and $500,000 for married couples. Put another way, it would only be the earnings above that point that would be affected.

Challengers say that obscures the fact people in that tax bracket already pay a 4.5% state income tax on earnings at that level.

“Yet by saying the initiative ‘establishes a 3.5% surcharge’ on this income, the summary gives signers the misimpression that the income is currently untaxed,â€� wrote the attorneys for ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ns for Great Schools and a Strong Economy, the chamber-financed group formed to fight the initiative.

They said it should have been portrayed to petition signers as an 8% tax rate on incomes above the threshold.

“A voter might be willing to tax their fellow citizens 3.5% but not 8%,� the attorneys are telling a judge. They said that should be listed as an 80% increase over the 4.5% rate.

Lujan, however, said there’s nothing misleading about it.

For example, Lujan said, a couple earning $501,000 would pay the same tax as now on the money they earn. Then, there would be an additional 3.5% levy on $1,000 — the amount at which the tax kicks in, or $35.

Challengers also contend there are other misleading statements in the 100-word description, like the claim that the money would be used to “hire and increase salaries for teachers.� They said the actual text reveals the cash could be spent on those who “support student academic achievement,� a definition they say could include custodians and bus drivers.

There also is a claim that the measure would have a harsh effect on small businesses whose income tax is reported on their owners’ individual tax forms.

But Lujan said that ignores the fact that the tax is imposed not on the gross income of a business but only on what the business owner brings home, after paying all expenses like salaries, rent and utilities.

Hospital pay initiative

The measure the hospitals are seeking to quash would guarantee 20% raises over four years to certain hospital personnel, impose new infection-control standards on hospitals, and put a provision in ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ law designed to ensure that individuals with pre-existing health conditions can purchase insurance at affordable prices if the federal Affordable Care Act ultimately is voided by the courts or repealed by Congress.

Attorneys for the hospitals, in attempting to keep this off the November ballot, are relying in part on what appear to be technical issues with wording and the failure to define some terms.

But the lawsuit also takes aim at the claim that the measure, if approved, “sets new minimum wages for direct care workers at private hospitals.�

“A reasonable voter would interpret ‘direct care workers’ to mean that wage rates will be adjusted for those directly involved in the care of patients such as a physician, nurse, or an imaging technician,� wrote attorney Brett Johnson.

In fact, he said, the text of the initiative instead refers to “direct care hospital workers.� And it defines that to include nurses, aides, technicians, janitorial and housekeeping staff, food service workers and non-managerial administrative staff — but not doctors.

Johnson also finds fault with the claim that the initiative, if approved, “prohibits insurers from discriminating against pre-existing conditions.� He said that doesn’t make it clear that it would apply only to health and disability insurance and not things like life or property and casualty insurance.

“This broad overstatement is fraudulent and/or would cause a significant danger of confusion to a reasonable person,� the lawsuit says.

The lawsuit also targets the wording of another provision designed to protect patients from “surprise out-of-network bills� they receive after it turns out that someone who cared for them in the hospital was not actually part of their insurer’s health-care network.

Holly Ward, spokeswoman for the ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ Hospital and Healthcare Association, said a measure like this is a bad idea in these “extraordinary times,â€� mentioning that staffers “are working tirelessly to care for everyone who comes in for care.â€�

“We don’t need to drive costs up for hospitals and ultimately patients,� she said.

Rodd McLeod, spokesman for the initiative, said the fact that the hospitals are going to court is telling.

“This lawsuit is just an admission by the hospitals that they’re not going to be able to convince ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥ns to vote against affordable health care at the ballot box,â€� he said, “so they’re going to try to deny voters a chance to have a vote at all.â€�

McLeod took a separate swat at state Sen. Vince Leach, R-ÃÛèÖÖ±²¥, who signed on as a plaintiff with the hospitals. He said Leach opposed legislation pushed by former Gov. Jan Brewer to expand the state’s Medicaid program.

“So it’s no surprise to see him standing with millionaire CEOs and against ordinary families that get stuck with surprise bills,� McLeod said.

Leach said Saturday he did not want to comment.

Both lawsuits now head to Maricopa County Superior Court where judges will consider the merits of the arguments.